Degeneration, deformity, or trauma of the tibiotalar and talocalcaneal articulationsin the hindfoot.
Tibiocalcaneal arthrodesis.
Combined arthrodesis of the ankle and subtalar joints.
Avascular necrosis of the ankle and subtalar joints.
Failed total ankle replacement with subtalar intrusion.
Failed ankle arthrodesis with insufficient talar body.
Rheumatoid arthritis.
Severe deformity due to untreated talipes equinovarus or neuromuscular disease.
Severe pilon fractures with trauma to the subtalar joints.